​A server is a computer that serves information to other computers. These computers, called clients, can connect to a server through either a local area network or a wide area network, such as the internet. A server doesn’t have the screen or keyboard. And although your computer stores files and data you’ve put on it, a server stores all the data associated with the websites that are hosted by it and shares that info with all computers and mobile devices (like yours) that need to access them.

​server

How do other computers connect to a server?

With a local network, the server connects to a router or switch that all other computers on the network use. Once connected to the network, other computers can access that server and its features. For example, with a web server, a user could connect to the server to view a website, search, and communicate with other users on the network.

​server

An Internet server works the same way as a local network server, but on a much larger scale. The server is assigned an IP address by InterNIC, or by web host. Usually, users connect to a server using its domain name, which is registered with a domain name registrar. When users connect to the domain name (such as “avalindata.com“), the name is automatically translated to the server’s IP address by a DNS resolver.

​server

The domain name makes it easier for users to connect to the server, because the name is easier to remember than an IP address. Also, domain names enable the server operator to change the IP address of the server without disrupting the way that users access the server. The domain name can always remain the same, even if the IP address changes.

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#server

​A database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data.

​database management system

Database management systems are set up on specific data handling concepts, as the practice of administrating a database evolves. The earliest databases only handled individual single pieces of specially formatted data. Today’s more evolved systems can handle different kinds of less formatted data and tie them together in more elaborate ways.

​Database management systems

Connolly and Begg define database management system (DBMS) as a “software system that enables users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database” Examples of DBMS’s include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Oracle Database, and Microsoft Access.

​Database management systems

Why to Learn DBMS?
Traditionally, data was organized in file formats. DBMS was a new concept then, and all the research was done to make it overcome the deficiencies in traditional style of data management. A modern DBMS has the following characteristics
– Real-world entity − A modern DBMS is more realistic and uses real-world entities to design its architecture. It uses the behavior and attributes too. For example, a school database may use students as an entity and their age as an attribute.
– Relation-based tables − DBMS allows entities and relations among them to form tables. A user can understand the architecture of a database just by looking at the table names.

​Database management systems

Isolation of data and application − A database system is entirely different than its data. A database is an active entity, whereas data is said to be passive, on which the database works and organizes. DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about data, to ease its own process.
Less redundancy − DBMS follows the rules of normalization, which splits a relation when any of its attributes is having redundancy in values. Normalization is a mathematically rich and scientific process that reduces data redundancy.

​Database management systems

Consistency − Consistency is a state where every relation in a database remains consistent. There exist methods and techniques, which can detect attempt of leaving database in inconsistent state. A DBMS can provide greater consistency as compared to earlier forms of data storing applications like file-processing systems.

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#database
#database_management_systems

​

What is the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data. Thanks to the arrival of super-cheap computer chips and the ubiquity of wireless networks, it’s possible to turn anything, from something as small as a pill to something as big as an aeroplane, into a part of the IoT. Connecting up all these different objects and adding sensors to them adds a level of digital intelligence to devices that would be otherwise dumb, enabling them to communicate real-time data without involving a human being. The Internet of Things is making the fabric of the world around us more smarter and more responsive, merging the digital and physical universes.

​

Internet of Things

How does the IoT work?
The basic elements of the IoT are devices that gather data. Broadly speaking, they are internet-connected devices, so they each have an IP address. They range in complexity from autonomous vehicles that haul products around factory floors to simple sensors that monitor the temperature in buildings. They also include personal devices like fitness trackers that monitor the number of steps individuals take each day. To make that data useful it needs to be collected, processed, filtered and analyzed, each of which can be handled in a variety of ways.

​

IoT

Collecting the data is done by transmitting it from the devices to a gathering point. Moving the data can be done wirelessly using a range of technologies or on wired networks. The data can be sent over the internet to a data center or a cloud that has storage and compute power or the transfer can be staged, with intermediary devices aggregating the data before sending it along.

​

IoT

Processing the data can take place in data centers or cloud, but sometimes that’s not an option. In the case of critical devices such as shutoffs in industrial settings, the delay of sending data from the device to a remote data center is too great. The round-trip time for sending data, processing it, analyzing it and returning instructions (close that valve before the pipes burst) can take too long. In such cases edge-computing can come into play, where a smart edge device can aggregate data, analyze it and fashion responses if necessary, all within relatively close physical distance, thereby reducing delay. Edge devices also have upstream connectivity for sending data to be further processed and stored.

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#internet_of_things
#IOT

Before we learn about a database,let us understand about data
In simple words, data can be facts related to any object in consideration. For example, your name, age, height, weight, etc. are some data related to you. A picture, image, file, pdf, etc. can also be considered data.

​data

What is Database?
A database is an organized collection of data, so that it can be easily accessed and managed. You can organize data into tables, rows, columns, and index it to make it easier to find relevant information.Database handlers create a database in such a way that only one set of software program provides access of data to all the users.

​database

The main purpose of the database is to operate a large amount of information by storing, retrieving, and managing data. There are many dynamic websites on the World Wide Web nowadays which are handled through databases. For example, a model that checks the availability of rooms in a hotel. It is an example of a dynamic website that uses a database.

​database

There are many databases available like MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, MongoDB, Informix, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.
Modern databases are managed by the database management system (DBMS).

​database

SQL or Structured Query Language is used to operate on the data stored in a database. SQL depends on relational algebra and tuple relational calculus.
A cylindrical structure is used to display the image of a database.

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#database

A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer. Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those accessed on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited function. This use of app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc. and its App Store, which offers thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.

A mobile application also may be known as an app, web app, online app, iPhone app or smartphone app.

​Mobile applications

Mobile applications have become highly pervasive in recent years. Their quality is essential since application failures can lead to serious consequences, such as damage of corporate reputation or financial loss. The goal of this work is to identify and expose approaches that address the issue of quality assurance for mobile applications.

​Mobile applications

What do I need to download and use an app?
You need a smart phone or another mobile device with internet access. Not all apps work on all mobile devices. Once you buy a device, you’re committed to using the operating system and the type of apps that go with it. The Android, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, and BlackBerry mobile operating systems have app stores online where you can look for, download, and install apps. Some online retailers also offer app stores. You’ll have to use an app store that works with your device’s operating system. To set up an account, you may have to provide a credit card number, especially if you’re going to download an app that isn’t free.

​Mobile applications

What types of data can apps access?
When you sign up with an app store or download individual apps, you may be asked for permission to let them access information on your device. Some apps may be able to access:
– your phone and email contacts
– call logs
– internet data
– calendar data
– data about the device’s location
– the device’s unique IDs
– information about how you use the app itself

​Mobile applications

Some apps access only the data they need to function; others access data that’s not related to the purpose of the app. Remember that someone may be collecting data on the websites you visit, the apps you use, and the information you provide when you’re using the device – whether it’s the app developer, the app store, an advertiser, or an ad network. And if they’re collecting your data, they may share it with other companies. If you are concerned about how your information is being shared, check the “privacy” settings on your device or look for ways to “opt-out” of data collection in the app privacy policy.

​Mobile applications

Why does the app I downloaded have ads in it? 
Developers want to provide their apps as inexpensively as possible so lots of people will use them. If they sell advertising space in the app, they can offer the app for a lower cost than if it didn’t have ads. Some developers sell space in their apps to ad networks that, in turn, sell the space to advertisers

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#avalindata
#mobile_applicaton

​

A host, more fully known as a network host, refers to a computer device which helps communicate with other hosts on a network. It includes the clients and servers which send or receive data, services, or applications. The idea of server and client can be interchangeable because a host can function either as a client and as a server, or as both at the same time.

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host

In the field of mainframe computer environments, a ‘host’ represents a mainframe computer that provides host services to certain workstations. In this context, a ‘host’ is also known as a large server to the Internet audience.
In more general terms, the ‘host’ term is usually attached to a powerful device or program that delivers services to some smaller and less capable device(s) or program(s).

​

host

Host vs Server
The terms host and server are often used interchangeably, but they are two different things. All servers are hosts, but not all hosts are servers. To avoid confusion, servers are often defined as a specific type of host, such as a web host or mail host. For instance, a mail host and mail server may refer to the same thing.

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host

While a server refers to a specific machine, a host may also refer to an organization that provides a service over the Internet. For example, a web host (or web hosting company) maintains multiple web servers and provides web hosting services for clients. A file host may provide online storage using multiple file servers. In other words, a hosting company hosts multiple servers that serve data to clients.

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#host

​Information technology is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems—particularly software applications and computer hardware. IT workers help ensure that computers work well for people.

Nearly every company, from a software design firm, to the biggest manufacturer, to the smallest “mom & pop” store, needs information technology workers to keep their businesses running smoothly, according to industry experts.

​Information technology

More about information technolgy
The phrase “information technology” goes back to a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review. Authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler defined several types of information technology:
– Techniques for the fast processing of information
– The use of statistical and mathematical models for decision-making
– The “simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.”

​Information technology

While many aspects of this technology are uncertain, it seems clear that it will move into the managerial scene rapidly, with definite and far-reaching impact on managerial organization,” they wrote.

​Information technology

Six decades later, it’s clear that Leavitt and Whisler were onto something big. Today, information technology refers to everything that businesses use computers for. Information technology is building communications networks for a company, safeguarding data and information, creating and administering databases, helping employees troubleshoot problems with their computers or mobile devices, or doing a range of other work to ensure the efficiency and security of business information systems.

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#information_technology
#IT

​

Not all clouds are the same and not one type of cloud computing is right for everyone. Several different models, types, and services have evolved to help offer the right solution for your needs.First, you need to determine the type of cloud deployment, or cloud computing architecture, that your cloud services will be implemented on. There are three different ways to deploy cloud services: on a public cloud, private cloud, or hybrid cloud.

​

Types of cloud computing

Public cloud
Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which deliver their computing resources, like servers and storage, over the Internet. Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud. With a public cloud, all hardware, software, and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account using a web browser.

​

Public cloud

Private cloud
A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organization. A private cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site datacenter. Some companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. A private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network.

​

Private cloud

Hybrid cloud
Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options, and helps optimize your existing infrastructure, security, and compliance.

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#cloud_computing

cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. You typically pay only for cloud services you use, helping you lower your operating costs, run your infrastructure more efficiently, and scale as your business needs change.
In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of your computer’s hard drive. (The PCMag Encyclopedia defines it succinctly as “hardware and software services from a provider on the internet.”)

​

cloud computing

How important is the cloud?
Building the infrastructure to support cloud computing now accounts for more than a third of all IT spending worldwide, according to research from IDC. Meanwhile spending on traditional, in-house IT continues to slide as computing workloads continue to move to the cloud, whether that is public cloud services offered by vendors or private clouds built by enterprises themselves. 451 Research predicts that around one-third of enterprise IT spending will be on hosting and cloud services this year “indicating a growing reliance on external sources of infrastructure, application, management and security services”. Analyst Gartner predicts that half of global enterprises using the cloud now will have gone all-in on it by 2021.

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cloud computing

According to Gartner, global spending on cloud services will reach $260bn this year up from $219.6bn. It’s also growing at a faster rate than the analysts expected. But it’s not entirely clear how much of that demand is coming from businesses that actually want to move to the cloud and how much is being created by vendors who now only offer cloud versions of their products (often because they are keen to move to away from selling one-off licences to selling potentially more lucrative and predictable cloud subscriptions).

​

cloud computing

Benefits of cloud computing
The cloud’s main appeal is to reduce the time to market of applications that need to scale dynamically. Increasingly, however, developers are drawn to the cloud by the abundance of advanced new services that can be incorporated into applications, from machine learning to internet of things (IoT) connectivity.

​

cloud computing

Although businesses sometimes migrate legacy applications to the cloud to reduce data center resource requirements, the real benefits accrue to new applications that take advantage of cloud services and “cloud native” attributes. The latter include microservices architecture, Linux containers to enhance application portability, and container management solutions such as Kubernetes that orchestrate container-based services. Cloud-native approaches and solutions can be part of either public clouds or private clouds and help enable highly efficient devops-style workflows.

​

cloud computing

Cloud computing, public cloud or private cloud, has become the platform of choice for large applications, particularly customer-facing ones that need to change frequently or scale dynamically. More significantly, the major public clouds now lead the way in enterprise technology development, debuting new advances before they appear anywhere else. Workload by workload, enterprises are opting for the cloud, where an endless parade of exciting new technologies invite innovative use.

There are three different ways to deploy cloud services.. click to continue

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#cloud_computing

​An online store is a website through which customers place orders. It may represent a small local store, a major retailer, an e-commerce store or an individual who sells projects through a third-party site, such as eBay. It is possible to make a lot of money with an online store, but that doesn’t mean it’s your best choice, as it is one of many similar tools and “best” requires a solid fit for your needs. In order to build a successful e-commerce store, you need many things.

​online store

Online stores are usually available 24 hours a day, and many consumers in Western countries have Internet access both at work and at home. Other establishments such as Internet cafes, community centers and schools provide internet access as well. In contrast, visiting a conventional retail store requires travel or commuting and costs such as gas, parking, or bus tickets, and must usually take place during business hours. Delivery was always a problem which affected the convenience of online shopping.

​online store

 However to overcome this many retailers including online retailers in Taiwan brought in a store pick up service. This now meant that customers could purchase goods online and pick them up at a nearby convenience store, making online shopping more advantageous to customers. In the event of a problem with the item (e.g., the product was not what the consumer ordered or the product was not satisfactory), consumers are concerned with the ease of returning an item in exchange for the correct product or a refund.

​online store

Consumers may need to contact the retailer, visit the post office and pay return shipping, and then wait for a replacement or refund. Some online companies have more generous return policies to compensate for the traditional advantage of physical stores. For example, the online shoe retailer Zappos.com includes labels for free return shipping, and does not charge a restocking fee, even for returns which are not the result of merchant error.
Note: In the United Kingdom, online shops are prohibited from charging a restocking fee if the consumer cancels their order in accordance with the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling). A 2018 survey in the United States found 26% of online shoppers said they never return items, and another 65% said they rarely do so.

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#online_marketing
#online_store

​

​Web applications are websites with functionality and interactive elements. Gmail, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc. are all web apps that are dynamic, and built for user engagement. Because web apps are extremely customizable and can perform a wide range of functionality, they are generally more difficult to build and require an experienced team of software developers.

​Web application

A web application is computer software accessed through a web browser, often connected to a database to provide an interactive experience specific to the individual using it. In Web Apps, Data can be referenced, stored, and accessed through a customized interface to simplify the delivery of information to your customer.

​web application

How Web applications work
Web applications do not need to be downloaded since they are accessed through a network. Users can access a Web application through a web browser such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox or Safari. For a web app to operate, it needs a Web server, application server, and a database. Web servers manage the requests that come from a client, while the application server completes the requested task. A database can be used to store any needed information.

​web application

Web applications typically have short development cycles and can be made with small development teams. Most Web apps are written in JavaScript, HTML5, or Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Client-side programming typically utilizes these languages, which help build an applications front-end. Server-side programming is done to create the scripts a Web app will use. Languages such as Python, Java, and Ruby are commonly used in server-side programming.

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#online_marketing
#web_application

​

 A website is a group of globally accessible, interlinked web pages which have a single domain name. It can be developed and maintained by an individual, business or organization.The website aims to serve a vari ety of purposes. Example: Blogs.
A website is hosted on a single or multiple web server. It is accessible via a network like the Internet or a private local area network via IP address.

​website

Websites, accessible through browsers, display useful content. They are navigable and can present digital content, images, video, and audio. Websites (vs web apps) are static, meaning the content doesn’t update dynamically. Most sites are built using HTML, CSS, and maybe some JavaScript.

​website

Websites are one-way informational feeds, they do not allow viewers to interact or communicate back to the site. Mobile websites are designed specifically for smaller touch screens, and responsive design websites automatically adjust to the size and type of browser in which they are being displayed.

​

Website

Why you need a Website?
Here, are prime reasons why you need a website:
An effective method to showcase your products and services
Developing a site helps you to create your social proof
Helps you in branding your business

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#online_marketing
#website

​

JavaScript
JavaScript is the “frontend” programming language. JavaScript is widely used to design interactive frontend applications. For instance, when you click on a button which opens up a popup, the logic is implemented via JavaScript.
These days, many organizations, particularly startups, are using NodeJS which is a JavaScript-based run-time environment. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user’s web browser. Hence now with JS, you can use a single programming language for server-side and client-side scripts. If you are looking for that cool tech job at your favorite startup, you should seriously consider learning JavaScript.

JavaScript

C#
This is the most technically complicated of the C family in our top programming languages, but can actually be easier to learn. It’s considered a high-level language, because it doesn’t compile into Assembly, but to byte-code. (It runs on a virtual machine, which allocates the memory for you.)
It’s commonly used to create internal applications for businesses, so developers will likely find themselves making bespoke software. Perhaps this is why we don’t see as much demand these days, as businesses move to more web apps and cloud-based services.

​

C#

PHP
PHP is among the most popular backend programming language. Though PHP is facing tough competition from Python and JavaScript, the market still needs a large number of PHP developers. Those who wish to join a reasonably well old organization as a backend developer should aim to learn PHP programming.

​

PHP

Swift
Swift is the programming language that is used to develop iOS applications. iOS-based devices are becoming increasingly popular. Apple iPhone, for instance, has captured a significant market share and is giving a tough competition to Android. Therefore, those who want to serve this community can learn Swift programming.

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#best_program_language

The most important skill to learn in today’s world is to know how to write a computer program. Today, computers have entered in almost every industry. Be it the autopilot in an aircraft or digital speedometer in your bike, computers in various forms surround us. Computers are extremely useful for an organization to scale up well. Gone are the days of pen and paper. Today, in order to store and access your information, you absolutely need computers.

​

Programming Languages

The programming and developer communities are emerging at a rate faster than ever before. Various new programming languages are coming up that are suited for different categories of developers (beginners, intermediate, and experts) as well as for different use cases (web application, mobile applications, game development, distributed system, etc). Every beginner is puzzled with the question, “What programming language should I learn?”stay with us to introduce the best programming languages ​​in 2021 for you.

​

Programming Languages

Python
Python undoubtedly tops the list. It is widely accepted as the best programming language to learn first. Python is a fast, easy-to-use, and easy-to-deploy programming language that is being widely used to develop scalable web applications. YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, SurveyMonkey are all built-in Python. Python provides excellent library support and has a large developer community. The programming language provides a great starting point for beginners. Talking about those who are looking for a better job, you should definitely learn Python ASAP! A lot of startups are using Python as their primary backend stack and so, this opens up a huge opportunity for full-stack Python developers.

​

Python

Java
Java is another popular choice in large organizations and it has remained so for decades. Java is widely used for building enterprise-scale web applications. Java is known to be extremely stable and so, many large enterprises have adopted it. If you are looking for a development based job at a large organization, Java is the language that you should learn. Java is also widely used in Android App Development. Almost any business today needs an Android Application owing to the fact that there are billions of Android users today. This opens up a huge opportunity for Java developers given the fact that Google has created an excellent Java-based Android development framework – Android Studio.

​

Java

C/C++
To understand the difference between C, C++ and C#, you need to understand at which level the language runs. C runs directly on top of Assembly, the language a computer reads to actually perform tasks. So C is mostly used to create operating systems or older programs. C++, on the other hand, is essentially a level above C. It builds on the language and allows for object-oriented programming. Because of the ubiquity of these languages, they’re a good starting point for new programmers.
click to continue

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​Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. … Python’s simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse.

​Python 

Python is widely accepted as the best programming language to learn first. Python is a fast, easy-to-use, and easy-to-deploy programming language that is being widely used to develop scalable web applications. YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, SurveyMonkey are all built-in Python. Python provides excellent library support and has a large developer community.

​Python

The programming language provides a great starting point for beginners. Talking about those who are looking for a better job, you should definitely learn Python ASAP! A lot of startups are using Python as their primary backend stack and so, this opens up a huge opportunity for full-stack Python developers.

​Python

What is Python used for?
Python is a general-purpose coding language—which means that, unlike HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, it can be used for other types of programming and software development besides web development.That includes back end development, software development, data science and writing system scripts among other things.

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#online_marketing
#python

​Digital marketing is defined by the use of numerous digital tactics and channels to connect with customers where they spend much of their time: online. From the website itself to a business’s online branding assets — digital advertising, email marketing, online brochures, and beyond — there’s a spectrum of tactics that fall under the umbrella of “digital marketing.”

​Digital marketing

The best digital marketers have a clear picture of how each digital marketing campaign supports their overarching goals. And depending on the goals of their marketing strategy, marketers can support a larger campaign through the free and paid channels at their disposal.

​Digital marketing

A content marketer, for example, can create a series of blog posts that serve to generate leads from a new ebook the business recently created. The company’s social media marketer might then help promote these blog posts through paid and organic posts on the business’s social media accounts. Perhaps the email marketer creates an email campaign to send those who download the ebook more information on the company. We’ll talk more about these specific digital marketers in a minute.

​Digital marketing

Digital technologies and media include:
Company websites
Mobile apps
Social media company pages
Search Engines
Advertising
Email and automation
Digital Partnerships with other digital companies

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At a high level, digital marketing refers to advertising delivered through digital channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps. Using these online media channels, digital marketing is the method by which companies endorse goods, services, and brands. Consumers heavily rely on digital means to research products. For example, Think with Google marketing insights found that 48% of consumers start their inquiries on search engines, while 33% look to brand websites and 26% search within mobile applications.

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digital marketing

While modern day digital marketing is an enormous system of channels to which marketers simply must onboard their brands, advertising online is much more complex than the channels alone. In order to achieve the true potential of digital marketing, marketers have to dig deep into today’s vast and intricate cross-channel world to discover strategies that make an impact through engagement marketing. Engagement marketing is the method of forming meaningful interactions with potential and returning customers based on the data you collect over time. By engaging customers in a digital landscape, you build brand awareness, set yourself as an industry thought leader, and place your business at the forefront when the customer is ready to buy.

​digital marketing

what are the Benefits of Digital Marketing?
having a strong digital presence will help you in multiple ways: 
It will make it easier to create awareness and engagement both before and after the sale
It will help you convert new buyers into rabid fans who buy more (and more often) 
It will kickstart word-of-mouth and social sharing—and all the benefits that come with them
It will shorten the buyer’s journey by presenting the right offers at the right time

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digital marketing

ultimate Guide to Digital Marketing
Digital marketing isn’t magic, and you don’t need to be a computer whiz to be good at it. If you offer a product or service that the market desires, you can successfully market them in digital channels using the strategies taught in this guide.

​Digital Marketing

The Ultimate Guide to Digital Marketing doesn’t present hype about the latest flashy tactics in marketing—digital or otherwise. Instead, this resource covers foundational disciplines such as ultimate Guide to Digital Marketing. content marketing, social media marketing, and email marketing, always in the context of the goals that businesses care about.These goals include acquiring new leads and customers, monetizing the leads and customers you already have, and creating communities of brand advocates and promoters.

​digital marketing

Types of Digital Marketing
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Content Marketing
Social Media Marketing
Pay Per Click (PPC)
Affiliate Marketing
Native Advertising
Marketing Automation
Email Marketing
Online PR
Inbound Marketing
Sponsored Content

click to continue

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#social_media

​Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms to connect with your audience to build your brand, increase sales, and drive website traffic. This involves publishing great content on your social media profiles, listening to and engaging your followers, analyzing your results, and running social media advertisements.
This practice promotes your brand and your content on social media channels to increase brand awareness, drive traffic, and generate leads for your business. The major social media platforms (at the moment) are Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, and Snapchat.

​Social media marketing

Some of the benefits of using social media
Growing your brand awareness: Social media marketing will make it easy to spread the word about your products and mission.
Increasing your traffic: Using social media and linking it to your website will increase your traffic tremendously.
Promoting your products and services: This is ultimately why you invest in marketing.

​benefits of using social media

Why Is Social Media Marketing Important Today?
Today’s consumers rush to browse social media when they want to know more about an organization or product because that’s where they’ll find others talking about that business. What if you don’t have a social media presence? You’ll miss a great opportunity to make an impression. 

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Take a look at these stats to have a feel of why having a sound social media marketing strategy is imperative to business success in 2020 and beyond: 
– 71% of consumers who have had a positive experience with a brand on social media are likely to recommend the brand to their friends and family.
– 90.4% of Millennials, 77.5% of Generation X, and 48.2% of Baby Boomers are active social media users.
– Facebook alone has over 2.7 billion monthly active users. 

​Social Media Marketing

Your customers and prospects are using social media channels every single day, multiple times a day. Social media is an ideal place for brands looking to gain insights into their audience’s interests and tastes. The way experts see it, smart companies will continue to invest in social media to achieve sustainable business growth. 

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#social_media

Email marketing is the use of email to promote products or services while developing relationships with potential customers or clients. It is essentially direct mail done electronically instead of through the postal service. Anytime a company sends out an email, aside from order confirmations and direct responses to customer questions, it could be considered a form of email marketing.

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Email marketing

What is included in email marketing?
Email marketing is one segment of internet marketing, which encompasses online marketing via websites, social media, blogs, and more. Email marketing can include newsletters with updates on the company, or promotions of sales and exclusive deals for subscribers.

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Email marketing

key points
Email marketing is the use of email to promote a company’s products and services or to connect with the customers.
When it’s done well, email marketing is an effective sales driver.
When it’s done wrong, email marketing can come across as spam that annoys customers.
The best marketing emails are optimized for mobile devices, respect the customers, and follow a regular schedule while mixing up the messaging.

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#email_marketing

Internet security consists of a range of security tactics for protecting activities and transactions conducted online over the internet. These tactics are meant to safeguard users from threats such as hacking into computer systems, email addresses, or websites; malicious software that can infect and inherently damage systems; and identity theft by hackers who steal personal data such as bank account information and credit card numbers. Internet security is a specific aspect of broader concepts such as cybersecurity and computer security, being focused on the specific threats and vulnerabilities of online access and use of the internet.

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Internet security

In today’s digital landscape, many of our daily activities rely on the internet. Various forms of communication, entertainment, and financial and work-related tasks are accomplished online. This means that tons of data and sensitive information are constantly being shared over the internet. The internet is mostly private and secure, but it can also be an insecure channel for exchanging information. With a high risk of intrusion by hackers and cybercriminals, internet security is a top priority for individuals and businesses alike.

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Internet security

Types of internet security threats
While the web presents users with lots of information and services, it also includes several risks. Cyberattacks are only increasing in sophistication and volume, with many cybercriminals using a combination of different types of attacks to accomplish a single goal. Though the list of potential threats is extensive, here are some of the most common internet security threats:
Malware
Short for “malicious software,” malware comes in several forms, including computer viruses, worms, Trojans, and dishonest spyware.

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Malware

Computer worm
A computer worm is a software program that copies itself from one computer to the next. It does not require human interaction to create these copies and can spread rapidly and in great volume.

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Computer worm

Spam
Spam refers to unwanted messages in your email inbox. In some cases, spam can simply include junk mail that advertises goods or services you aren’t interested in. These are usually considered harmless, but some can include links that will install malicious software on your computer if they’re clicked on.

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Spam

Phishing
Phishing scams are created by cybercriminals attempting to solicit private or sensitive information. They can pose as your bank or web service and lure you into clicking links to verify details like account information or passwords.

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Phishing

Botnet
A botnet is a network of private computers that have been compromised. Infected with malicious software, these computers are controlled by a single user and are often prompted to engage in nefarious activities, such as sending spam messages or denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

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#internet_security

​Social media is computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of virtual networks and communities. By design, social media is internet-based and gives users quick electronic communication of content. Content includes personal information, documents, videos, and photos. Users engage with social media via computer, tablet or smartphone via web-based software or web application, often utilizing it for messaging.

​social media

Types of Social Media
There are many different types of social media, and many services could fit into multiple categories. Here are a few of the major types, along with some examples.
Social Networks
Social networks specialize in connecting and exchanging thoughts, ideas, and content with other users—often with users who share tastes and interests. Facebook and Twitter are examples of social networks. Though more professional than others, LinkedIn may be considered a social network, as well.

​Social Networks

Media Networks
As opposed to social networks, which specialize in letting users share and exchange raw thoughts and ideas, media networks specialize in distributing content like photographs and videos. Instagram and YouTube are examples of this. A YouTube user, for example, will upload a video they’ve created, and other users can “like,” “dislike,” or comment on the video. If they enjoy the video enough, a user may choose to “subscribe” to the creator, so that new videos from that creator appear in their feed.

​Media Networks

Discussion Networks
Discussion networks like Reddit are the ideal outlet for posts that can spark in-depth discussion among users. Users can leave detailed responses in the comment section, and other users can respond directly to those comments, allowing for conversations to grow and develop organically.

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Today, technology is developing very fast around the world. This technological development (hardware and software) affects our life. There is a relationship among technology, society, culture, organization, machines, technical operation, and technical phenomenon. Educators should know this relationship because technology begins to affect teaching and learning facilities. For this reason educators are increasingly using technology in all aspects of their profession (e.g., creating curricula, classroom instruction, work assignments) This trend can be enhanced by educating the educator about cultural and cognitive aspects of technology and technikos, as well as the associated advantages and disadvantages related to educational and human development goals.

​technology

Technology in Everyday Life
Let’s consider some examples of how technology is integral to our daily lives. When you get up in the morning, you probably get out of a bed. The synthetic materials of the mattress upon which you were sleeping, and springs underneath, are both examples of technology. If it’s still early, you might turn on the light first. Both the light bulbs and the electrical systems that power them are also technology. Later, when you brush your teeth, the system that brings you water to the sink, the bathroom fan, the toothbrush – and the toilet, for that matter – are technology.

​technology

If you’re like many millions of people, you probably turn on the computer pretty quickly after waking. A computer is one of the most advanced pieces of technology we’ve ever come up with as humans, and the processes of making the computer’s parts are all also technology. It would be impossible to list every single example of technology in our daily lives. Whether it’s practical (like washing machines, tumble dryers, refrigerators, cars, flooring materials, windows, or door handles) or for leisure (like televisions, Blu-ray players, games consoles, reclining chairs, or toys), all these things are examples of technology.

​technology

Business and Industrial Technology
You won’t just find technology in the home. You’ll also find it in businesses, and especially in industry (also known as manufacturing). In fact, many of the advanced pieces of technology we have now started in industrial settings first! Washing machines and computers, for instance, were in businesses and industry long before they were in the average home. Even today, there are technologies in industry that aren’t part of most people’s daily lives. For example, cars are now constructed almost entirely by robots, but most people don’t have much more than a robot like a Roomba in their home. Who knows what the future may hold?

​technology

Even in industries where robots are not cost-effective, they still use automated systems with conveyor belts and gripping arms controlled by motors. When products are made on a large scale using these automatic systems, it’s called automated mass production. Using these technologies, both the physical ones and the processes or ways to do things, we are able to create a lot more of our products, and the products are much more precise.

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​World Wide Web (WWW), byname the Web, the leading information retrieval service of the Internet (the worldwide computer network). The Web gives users access to a vast array of documents that are connected to each other by means of hypertext or hypermedia links—i.e., hyperlinks, electronic connections that link related pieces of information in order to allow a user easy access to them.

​the Web

Hypertext allows the user to select a word or phrase from text and thereby access other documents that contain additional information pertaining to that word or phrase. Hypermedia documents feature links to images, sounds, animations, and movies. The Web operates within the Internet’s basic client-server format; servers are computer programs that store and transmit documents to other computers on the network when asked to, while clients are programs that request documents from a server as the user asks for them. Browser software allows users to view the retrieved documents.

​Web

in summary The Web—is a collection of different websites you can access through the Internet. A website is made up of related text, images, and other resources. Websites can resemble other forms of media—like newspaper articles or television programs—or they can be interactive in a way that’s unique to computers.

​Web

The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news platform, an advertisement, an online library, a forum for sharing images, or an educational site Once you are connected to the Internet, you can access and view websites using a type of application called a web browser. Just keep in mind that the web browser itself is not the Internet; it only displays websites that are stored on the Internet.

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#computer_network

​Computer network
two or more computers that are connected with one another for the purpose of communicating data electronically. Besides physically connecting computer and communication devices, a network system serves the important function of establishing a cohesivearchitecture that allows a variety of equipment types to transfer information in a near-seamless fashion. Two popular architectures are ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and IBM’s Systems Network Architecture (SNA).

​Computer network

in summary A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications.
A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer network is mainly of four types:
LAN(Local Area Network)
PAN(Personal Area Network)
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN(Wide Area Network)

​Computer network

LAN(Local Area Network)
– Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as building, office.
– LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc
– It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables.
– The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network.
– Local Area Network provides higher security.

​LAN(Local Area Network)

PAN(Personal Area Network)
– Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.
– Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of personal use is known as Personal Area Network.
– Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal Area Network.
-Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
-Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player and play stations.

​PAN(Personal Area Network)

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
– A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.
– Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.
– In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line.
-The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
– It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).

​MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

WAN(Wide Area Network)
– A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries.
– A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
– A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans over a large geographical area through a telephone line, fibre optic cable or satellite links.
– The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
-A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education.

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#computer_network

What is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it’s possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more. Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect.

​Internet

Sometimes referred to as a “network of networks,” the Internet emerged in the United States in the 1970s but did not become visible to the general public until the early 1990s. By 2020, approximately 4.5 billion people, or more than half of the world’s population, were estimated to have access to the Internet.
You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also called going online. When someone says a computer isonline, it’s just another way of saying it’s connected to the Internet.

​Internet

How does the Internet work?
At this point you may be wondering, how does the Internet work? The exact answer is pretty complicated and would take a while to explain. Instead, let’s look at some of the most important things you should know.
It’s important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables, which can include copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely on these physical cables to access the Internet.

​Internet

When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to a server. A server is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer’s hard drive. Once the request arrives, the server retrieves the website and sends the correct data back to your computer. What’s amazing is that this all happens in just a few seconds!

​Internet

Other things you can do on the Internet
One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost instantly with anyone in the world. Email is one of the oldest and most universal ways to communicate and share information on the Internet, and billions of people use it. Social media allows people to connect in a variety of ways and build communities online.
There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep up with news or shop for anything online. You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts, meet new people, watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.

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#internet

​The primary difference between a blockchain and a database is centralization. While all records secured on a database are centralized, each participant on a blockchain has a secured copy of all records and all changes so each user can view the provenance of the data.

​ blockchain

Storage Structure
One key difference between a typical database and a blockchain is the way the data is structured. A blockchain collects information together in groups, also known as blocks, that hold sets of information. Blocks have certain storage capacities and, when filled, are chained onto the previously filled block, forming a chain of data known as the “blockchain.” All new information that follows that freshly added block is compiled into a newly formed block that will then also be added to the chain once fillel.

​blockchain

A database structures its data into tables whereas a blockchain, like its name implies, structures its data into chunks (blocks) that are chained together. This makes it so that all blockchains are databases but not all databases are blockchains. This system also inherently makes an irreversible timeline of data when implemented in a decentralized nature. When a block is filled it is set in stone and becomes a part of this timeline. Each block in the chain is given an exact timestamp when it is added to the chain.

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#data_base
# blockchain

​Bitcoin is a digital currency created in January 2009 following the housing market crash. It follows the ideas set out in a whitepaper by the mysterious and pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. The identity of the person or persons who created the technology is still a mystery. Bitcoin offers the promise of lower transaction fees than traditional online payment mechanisms and is operated by a decentralized authority, unlike government-issued currencies.

​Bitcoin

Bitcoin uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority or banks; managing transactions and the issuing of bitcoins is carried out collectively by the network. Bitcoin is open-source; its design is public, nobody owns or controls Bitcoin and everyone can take part. Through many of its unique properties, Bitcoin allows exciting uses that could not be covered by any previous payment system.

​bitcoin

more about Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a collection of computers, or nodes, that all run Bitcoin’s code and store its blockchain. A blockchain can be thought of as a collection of blocks. In each block is a collection of transactions. Because all these computers running the blockchain have the same list of blocks and transactions and can transparently see these new blocks being filled with new Bitcoin transactions, no one can cheat the system. Anyone, whether they run a Bitcoin “node” or not, can see these transactions occurring live. In order to achieve a nefarious act, a bad actor would need to operate 51% of the computing power that makes up Bitcoin. Bitcoin has around 47,000 nodes as of May 2020 and this number is growing, making such an attack quite unlikely.

​bitcoin

There are no physical bitcoins, only balances kept on a public ledger that everyone has transparent access to, that – along with all Bitcoin transactions – is verified by a massive amount of computing power. Bitcoins are not issued or backed by any banks or governments, nor are individual bitcoins valuable as a commodity. Despite it not being legal tender, Bitcoin charts high on popularity, and has triggered the launch of hundreds of other virtual currencies collectively referred to as Altcoins.

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#bitcoin

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​Digital money, or digital currency, is any form of money or payment that exists only in electronic form. Digital money lacks a tangible form such as a bill, check, or coins. It is accounted for and transferred using electronic codes in computers. As technology becomes increasingly prominent, payments are becoming more digital, resulting in less use of tangible money.

​Digital money

Examples of Digital Money
The most common example of digital money is money issued by banking institutions that they hold electronically, either to trade or invest. Banks have liquidity requirements that mean they have to have a certain amount of physical money on-site, but there are no requirements for digital money, so it moves around much more. Most banking institutions have departments that handle sums in the millions and sometimes billions, never seeing any physical cash.

​Digital money

Another example of digital money is cryptocurrency. ”Crypto” is a kind of digital money that exists within the blockchain network, a network that some consider more secure than any other since there is no oversight from financial authorities. Cryptocurrency is mined, traded, or bought, and kept in digital “wallets” until the owner is ready to spend or redeem it. Common examples include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple.

​cryptocurrency

Digital Money within Financial Services
Nowadays, a growing number of banks and other financial service companies facilitate digital money transfers and other online transactions that wire or transfer money between parties across long distances. Digital money’s assisted in the globalization of economies around the world since trade is made more easily by sending and receiving digital money.

​Digital Money within Financial Services

Digital money eliminates the need to physically transfer money; furthermore, banking is made much more convenient by allowing people to perform their personal banking without even the need to visit a physical branch or carry cash. 

​Digital money

On the other hand, banks are reducing their retail employee headcount to meet the trend of digital money. Many branches are closed since they become redundant when more people increasingly bank with digital money. It comes at a cost, however, as the banks are not able to maintain personal relationships with customers and create any sort of loyalty. In addition, banks cannot cross-sell their other products without in-person sales opportunities.

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#digital_money
#bitcoin

A marketplace is a platform where vendors can come together to sell their products or services to a curated customer base. The role of a marketplace owner is to bring together the right vendors and the right customers to drive sales through an exceptional multi-vendor platform – sellers have a place to gain visibility and sell their products, and the marketplace owner earns a commission from each sale. An online store, on the other hand, is a single store selling its own products online. All marketing and operations are managed by the company that owns the website and products. 

​Marketplace vs Online Store

Marketplace owners do not own the inventory their platform sells, unlike online store owners. The marketplace owner, therefore, leaves the more operational side of the business to vendors while focusing mainly on promoting their marketplace brand with a view to driving traffic to the platform and converting site views into sales. 

​Online Store

Examples for marketplaces are large companies with huge inventories like Amazon, Rakuten or eBay or niche platforms like Etsy (handmade crafts), Runnics (sportswear for running) or Shop.Surf (Surf & Skate gear and fashion). In contrast, an online store is just one single company, such as Zara, Apple or Nike, selling its own products online via its own online shop.

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#online_marketing
#market_place

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​According to Lengow, over 60% of sales already happen through marketplaces, and some of the most successful companies worldwide (Airbnb, Amazon, Uber) operate under this model.

On the surface, it may seem like marketplaces are much more complex than other, similar businesses, due to their nature as multi-vendor platforms. The truth is the marketplace model is surprisingly lean and scalable for new startups. 

​Marketplace

You’ll understand it with an example.

A marketplace is a virtual shopping center that works as an intermediary between buyers and sellers.

Think about what a physical shopping center really is. It’s place where thousands of clients go because they find it convenient to shop in one place with a variety of stores. It’s also a place where, as a shop owner, I’m interested in being because there are lots of customers going there every day.

A marketplace is the same thing in the e-commerce world. Sounds intriguing

​Marketplace

Amazon is the mother of all marketplaces and the must-mention benchmark when it comes to this topic.

Talking about marketplaces means talking about Amazon, the most famous one in the world. there is life beyond the giant that is Bezo’s famous shop. 

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#online_marketing

#market_place

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